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atypical antipsychotic
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP; also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs)) are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilisers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the ''typical antipsychotics'') used to treat psychiatric conditions. Some atypical antipsychotics have received regulatory approval (e.g. by the FDA of the US, the TGA of Australia, the MHRA of the UK) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and as an adjunct in major depressive disorder.
Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways. Atypicals are less likely – than the most widely-used typical antipsychotic haloperidol – to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities in patients such as unsteady Parkinson's disease-type movements, body rigidity, and involuntary tremors. However, only a few of the atypicals have been demonstrated to be superior to lesser-used, low-potency first-generation antipsychotics in this regard.
As experience with these agents has grown, several studies have questioned the utility of broadly characterizing antipsychotic drugs as “atypical/second generation" as opposed to “first generation,” noting that each agent has its own efficacy and side-effect profile. It has been argued that a more nuanced view in which the needs of individual patients are matched to the properties of individual drugs is more appropriate.〔〔 Although atypical antipsychotics are thought to be safer than typical antipsychotics, they still have severe side effects, including tardive dyskinesia (a serious movement disorder), neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and increased risk of stroke, sudden cardiac death, blood clots, and diabetes. Significant weight gain may also occur. Critics have argued that "the time has come to abandon the terms first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics, as they do not merit this distinction."
==Medical uses==
Atypical antipsychotics are typically used to treat schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/risperidone.html )〕 They are also frequently used to treat agitation associated with dementia, anxiety disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (an off-label use). In dementia, they should only be considered after other treatments have failed and if the patient is a risk to himself and/or others.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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